Beijing Opera, a Cultural Treasure

By Staff Reporters
Beijing Opera, also known as Peking Opera, is a preeminent style of Chinese opera that incorporates mime, martial arts, dance, and acrobatics besides instrumental music and vocal artistry. It originated in Beijing during the mid-Qing Dynasty (1644–1911) and reached its full maturity and recognition by the mid-19th century. It has always been cherished as one of China's cultural gems.

Actors perform a Beijing opera in Urumqi, Xinjiang Uygur autonomous region. (PHOTO: VCG)

Beijing Opera comprises four primary character types: sheng (gentlemen), dan (women), jing (rough men), and chou (clowns). The performing groups typically include multiple actors of each type, as well as many supporting and minor performers. With their stunning and vibrant costumes, the actors stand out on the minimalist stage. They express themselves through speech, song, dance, and combat movements that are more symbolic and suggestive than realistic. The actors also follow various stylistic conventions that enable the audience to follow the narrative.
The distinctive singing style, known as "jinghuang," features a high-pitched, stylized vocal technique. The vocals are supported by traditional Chinese musical instruments, highlighted by a percussive orchestra that is a hallmark of Beijing Opera. The melodies are rhythmic and enhance the dramatic action on stage.
Additionally, rich and intricate costumes and makeup are essential to the genre. Each color and pattern carry some symbolic meaning, reflecting a character's traits, rank, and emotions. For instance, a character with "white face" makeup or a mask is commonly viewed as sly and treacherous, whereas one with "red face" makeup typically represents courage and loyalty.

Beijing Opera occupies an important place in China's cultural heritage. It has significantly influenced Chinese culture, mirroring its history, values, and aesthetics. In 2010, it was included on UNESCO's Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity.

Source：Global Innovation